Review Paper: “Probiotics and Prebiotics: Any Role in Menopause-Related Diseases?”
Barrea et al., 2023 (Curr Nutr Rep Feb 7;12(1):83–9)
This review emphasises the crucial role of microbiota in the health of postmenopausal women. It suggests that a healthy microbiota may:
- Enhance calcium absorption in the intestines, helping to prevent osteoporosis.
- Lower the risk of breast cancer and type 1 endometrial hyperplasia.
- Decrease gum inflammation and menopausal periodontitis.
- Positively influence various cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity, inflammation, and the metabolism of blood glucose and lipids.
However, the effectiveness of oral probiotic supplementation in treating menopause-related dysbiosis still needs further investigation.
Introduction to Microbiota and Menopause
As women transition into menopause, their bodies undergo various changes, not just hormonal but also in their gut microbiota—the community of microorganisms living in our digestive systems. This shift in microbiota, often referred to as dysbiosis, can significantly impact health and is linked to several menopause-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, breast cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, periodontitis, and heart-related issues.
The Connection Between Microbiota and Health
Recent research has shed light on how the changes in gut, vaginal, and oral microbiota during menopause can influence the onset and progression of these diseases. Here are some key points highlighting the relationship between microbiota and women’s health during and after menopause:
- Bone Health: A healthy gut microbiota can enhance the absorption of calcium, which is crucial for maintaining bone density. This is particularly important as postmenopausal women are at a higher risk for osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.
- Breast and Uterine Health: Certain changes in the microbiota have been associated with a lower risk of developing breast cancer and type 1 endometrial hyperplasia. These findings suggest that maintaining a balanced microbiota may help mitigate some risks associated with these conditions.
- Oral Health: Menopause can lead to increased inflammation in the gums, resulting in periodontitis. A balanced oral microbiota can help reduce this inflammation and support overall oral health during menopause.
- Cardiometabolic Health: Dysbiosis can negatively impact various risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as obesity, inflammation, and metabolic processes related to blood sugar and lipid levels. A healthier microbiota may therefore help manage these risks, promoting better heart health.
Probiotic Supplements: A Potential Solution
Given the critical role of microbiota in influencing these health conditions, the review also explores the potential of probiotic supplementation as a therapeutic strategy. Probiotics are live bacteria that can offer health benefits, and they may help restore balance to the microbiota during menopause. However, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness in treating menopause-related dysbiosis.
Conclusion
In summary, the health of postmenopausal women can be significantly affected by the changes in their microbiota. By understanding and potentially harnessing the benefits of probiotics and prebiotics, we may find new ways to manage and prevent menopause-related diseases. While the current findings are promising, further studies will be essential to determine how best to use probiotic therapies for women experiencing menopause.
Final Thoughts
For women navigating menopause, maintaining a balanced microbiota could play a vital role in their overall health. Incorporating probiotics into their routine may offer a pathway to better manage some of the health challenges associated with this life stage, but as always, consulting with healthcare professionals is crucial before starting any new supplement.